BITCOIN MVRV Z-SCORE
Are holder profits unusually high or low?
Compare all holders, recent holders, and long-term holders with each group's own four-year average.
All Holders against their own four-year average
Each line shows how far one group's profit reading sits from its own four-year average, counted in steps. Zero is that average. Above zero the group's profit reading is higher than it usually is, below zero it is lower. The selected group stays bright.
Inspect and compare dates
Pick two to four dates to compare the three holder groups.
| Measure | Change | Relative change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Holders | −0.48 | −0.36 | +0.12 | Not available |
| Recent Holders | 0.66 | 0.79 | +0.13 | Not available |
| Long-term Holders | −0.73 | −0.64 | +0.09 | Not available |
Right now
Holder profits across the market sit below their four-year average.
Counting every coin, the market's profit reading sits 0.36 steps below its own four-year average. A step is the size of the swing that reading usually makes around that average, so one step means the same thing for every group.
The other groups
Recent holders sit 0.79 steps above their own four-year average. Long-term holders sit 0.64 steps below their own four-year average.
Each group is measured against its own past, so the three lines can sit side by side even though the groups normally move by different amounts.
What changed
The whole-market reading rose from −0.51 to −0.36 over the past month, since 28 Aug 2026.
Use the tabs to see whether the other two groups moved the same way.
What it does not say
This is not a breakeven reading. Zero is a group's own four-year average, not the price it paid, so a group can be sitting on a paper profit while its reading is below zero.
High and low readings have shown up near big turning points before, but they can last a long time. This says how unusual today is, not what happens next.
Understanding
the MVRV Z-Score
Where it stands today
Measured against the past four years, Bitcoin holder profits sit 0.4 steps below the 4-year average as of .
What does this chart measure?
It starts with the MVRV Ratio, which divides Bitcoin's price by the average price the group's coins last changed hands at, its average buy price. It then asks how far today's ratio sits from the average that same ratio held over the four years behind it. Zero is that average. Above zero the group's profit reading is higher than it usually is, below zero it is lower.
What is a step?
A step is how far that group's reading usually sits from its own four-year average. Most days sit within one step of it, and two steps or more is rare. Counting in steps is what lets the three lines share one chart: each group is measured by its own swings, so a big move for the steadiest group and a big move for the jumpiest one are drawn the same height.
Who is in each group?
All holders covers every coin. Recent holders are coins that last moved within roughly five months, so they react faster when the price moves. Long-term holders are coins that have sat still for longer. The groups follow the age of the coins, so who is in them changes every day.
Why do the earliest readings swing so hard?
Every reading is measured against the four years behind it, and this record starts on 2 Jan 2012. So a reading from its first four years has fewer than four years behind it, and only days at the very start. Those readings swing further as a result, so read the chart's opening years with more care than the rest.
Does a reading below zero mean holders are at a loss?
No. Zero is the group's own four-year average, not the price it paid. A group can be well above its buy price and still read below zero, because the four years behind it were better still. The page that answers the profit-or-loss question is the MVRV Ratio. Open the MVRV Ratio.
Do extremes mark turning points?
Very high and very low readings have appeared around big turning points before, but they have never been timing signals. An extreme can last for months, so the reading tells you how unusual today is, not when that changes. It is not a prediction, and it is not advice to buy or sell.
The numbers
behind the chart
What does the current reading show?
All Holders: the latest reading is −0.36, on . The highest reading since is 4.89 on ; the lowest is −2.27 on .
Recent Holders: the latest reading is 0.79, on . The highest reading since is 5.87 on ; the lowest is −2.41 on .
Long-term Holders: the latest reading is −0.64, on . The highest reading since is 9.07 on ; the lowest is −2.21 on .
Daily readings since 2 Jan 2012 let you compare today with earlier months. Highest and lowest cover every reading since then; month-end values use the last reading on or before that date. The latest whole-market reading is −0.36.
What are the latest, highest and lowest readings?
| Measure | Latest | Highest | Lowest |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Holders | −0.36 | 4.89 | −2.27 |
| Recent Holders | 0.79 | 5.87 | −2.41 |
| Long-term Holders | −0.64 | 9.07 | −2.21 |
How do the readings compare with earlier dates?
| Reference date | All Holders | Recent Holders | Long-term Holders |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 month ago | −0.51 | 0.59 | −0.74 |
| 3 months ago | −1.16 | −1.19 | −1.11 |
| 6 months ago | −0.95 | −1.43 | −0.82 |
| 1 year ago | 0.6 | −0.18 | 0.65 |
| 2 years ago | 0.32 | −0.04 | −0.17 |
What was the reading at each month’s end?
| Reading date | All Holders | Recent Holders | Long-term Holders |
|---|---|---|---|
| −0.48 | 0.67 | −0.72 | |
| −1.03 | −0.71 | −1.05 | |
| −1.19 | −1.26 | −1.13 | |
| −0.66 | −0.38 | −0.79 | |
| −0.57 | −0.32 | −0.7 | |
| −0.87 | −1.22 | −0.78 | |
| −0.97 | −1.71 | −0.74 | |
| −0.64 | −1.33 | −0.39 | |
| −0.34 | −0.91 | −0.04 | |
| −0.25 | −0.97 | 0.13 | |
| 0.4 | −0.37 | 0.51 | |
| 0.65 | −0.11 | 0.69 | |
| 0.55 | −0.25 | 0.57 | |
| 0.93 | 0.42 | 0.77 | |
| 0.89 | 0.4 | 0.59 | |
| 0.95 | 0.45 | 0.57 | |
| 0.7 | 0.00 | 0.51 | |
| 0.2 | −0.84 | 0.23 | |
| 0.23 | −0.66 | 0.22 | |
| 0.87 | 0.37 | 0.47 | |
| 0.65 | 0.11 | 0.32 | |
| 1.13 | 0.97 | 0.33 | |
| 0.41 | 0.19 | −0.11 | |
| 0.22 | −0.22 | −0.21 |
Source: Maketo's daily record of price against what each group of holders paid. Reading for .